A project is a very important enterprise in any organization, and therefore the success of the organization depends on its individual comes. the purpose to be thought of here is that whereas project’s success or failure will create or break a company, however the latter affects the previous.
Organizations are systematic arrangements of entities targeted at accomplishing a purpose, which can involve enterprise comes. associate degree organization’s surroundings, culture, style, structure, and lots of a lot of factors influence the performance of the comes. Its level of project management maturity and project management systems may also have an effect on the project. within the cases wherever external entities are concerned, like those who are a part of a venture or partnering agreement, the project are tormented by over one organization. the subsequent section explains these factors in detail:
Cultures and designs are cluster phenomena called cultural norms, that are fashioned over time. It includes organization’s management vogue and nature. a number of these are the implementations of the folks that started the organization or are presently operating as senior officers at intervals the organization. alternative traits are the results of however the organization conducts its business supported shopper relations and market demands.
Organizational culture is meant and developed by the common experiences of members of the organization, and most organizations have fashioned distinctive cultures over time by common usage and apply. The experiences include:
Risk tolerance
Operating environments
Motivation and reward systems
Code of conduct, work hours, and work ethic
Regulations, policies, methods, and procedures
View of leadership, hierarchy, and authority relationships
The culture of an organization is an enterprise environmental factor. Cultures and styles are studied and followed and may have a high impact on a project’s ability to meet its goals. Therefore, a project manager should know the different organizational styles and cultures that can affect a project. He also needs to know which person in the organization is the decision maker or influencer and work with them to increase the possibility of a project’s success.
Organizational structure is also an enterprise environmental factor, which can influence the availability of resources and affect how projects are conducted.
Organizational structures span from functional to projectized, with a variety (weak, balanced, and strong) of matrix structures in between them.
The structure of a functional organization is rather simple. It consists of a hierarchy where each employee has one manager. The staff teams are grouped by specialty or department like engineering, production, marketing, and accounting at the top level. Specialties may then be subdivided into focused functional units, such as information technology or electrical for engineering. In a functional organization, each department will work independently of other departments.
They use an entirely different type of business structure than that of functional organizations. It only has project groups, and very few functional departments and team members are often colocated. Most of the organization’s assets are involved in project work, and project managers have a great deal of independence and power. To accomplish the benefits of colocated teams, virtual collaboration techniques are often used. Projectized organizations have organizational units or departments, but reporting has to be done directly to the project manager or provide support services to the various projects.
Matrix organizations are a mixture of functional and projectized characteristics. In a matrix organization, the team members report to two people: the project manager and the functional manager. It utilizes the benefits of each in completing the organization’s objectives by combining routinely produced deliverables and unique and specialized projects. Team members perform departmental work as well as project work.
Matrix organizations can be categorized as weak, balanced, or strong depending on the relative level of influence and power between functional and project managers.
Balanced matrix organization acknowledges the need for a project manager and does not give project manager full authority over the project and its funding.
Weak matrix organizations retain many characteristics of a functional organization. The role of the project manager is like that of a coordinator. He cannot himself make or implement any decision. He, however, has the authority to make some minor decisions, possess some power, and report to a higher-level manager.
Strong matrix organizations resemble the characteristics of the projectized organization and have full-time project managers with significant authority and full-time project administrative staff.
Organizational communication impacts project management success to a great extent. In this age of globalization of the project management profession, effective organizational communication enables project managers to communicate with all relevant stakeholders within the organizational structure to assist decision making. Electronic communications (including e-mail, social media, instant messaging, video and web conferencing, and so on) could be used by stakeholders and project team members to communicate with the project manager formally or informally.
The plans, processes, procedures, policies, and knowledge bases particular to and used by the performing organization are termed as its organizational process assets.
Organizational process assets may be classified into two groups:
An organization’s procedures and processes for conducting project work include:
Initiating and Planning
Executing, Monitoring and Controlling
Closing
The organizational knowledge base for retrieving and storing information includes:
Configuration management knowledge bases
Financial databases
Historical information and lessons learned knowledge bases
Issue and defect management databases
Process measurement databases
Project files from previous projects
Enterprise environmental factors refer to conditions that affect, restrain, or direct the project and are not under the control of the project team. They are inputs to most planning processes, may make an impact on project management options, and may have a positive or negative influence on the result.
Enterprise environmental factors include:
Organizational structure, culture, and governance
Geographic distribution of resources and facilities
Government or industry
Infrastructure
Existing human resources
Personnel administration
Company work authorization systems
Marketplace conditions
Stakeholder risk tolerances
Political climate
An organization’s established communications channels
Commercial databases
Project management information system
