female cat urinary blockage

In the female cat, the urethra is short with a large diameter. Use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) meloxicam was evaluated recently in the treatment of obstructive feline idiopathic cystitis.16 Cats were separated into 2 treatment groups: one receiving buprenorphine and meloxicam and the other receiving buprenorphine and a placebo. Cats that experienced treatment failure had significantly higher serum creatinine concentrations, although the magnitude of pretreatment azotemia was not an exclusionary criterion. It is important to consider the sedative effects of acepromazine, as these may be beneficial in reducing stress or contraindicated based on the individual patient. This article is RACE-approved for 1 hour of continuing education credit. What type of urinary catheter is not recommended for use as an indwelling catheter? A urinary blockage will quickly become a life-threatening problem for your cat. Mild increases in serum potassium concentrations will return to reference intervals with dilutional fluid therapy and relief of UO; however, targeted correction of moderate to severe hyperkalemia is necessary prior to sedation or anesthesia for relief of the UO (see Degrees of Hyperkalemia). The veterinary staff may place an intravenous catheter to deliver fluids and medicine to your cat. Your cat will likely be kept in the veterinary hospital for a few days so that your vet or surgeon can ensure that the condition is improving. Lekcharoensuk C, Osborne CA, Lulich JP. FIGURE. Urinary Tract Obstruction Average Cost. If you are unable to take it to the vet – at night where you can’t find a clinic – you can do a few steps to relieve the cat and save its life "in case it is a male, and in case of females you should seek the vet as it is difficult to help with the common way". This may be caused by sediment or crystals in the urine and/or inflammation in the urinary tract. The causes of urinary tract obstruction are not fully understood by veterinarians. He has been loosing a lot of weight now and looks of course old but he is still active. b. Once the urethra is patent, flush it thoroughly to ensure all debris is removed and then advance the catheter into the bladder. It's the cats first time having an obstruction. If the patient is in critical condition, steps to address metabolic derangements should have priority over radiographs. a. Abdominal ultrasonography It is important to note, however, that the inability to express urine can be a normal finding in male cats and not diagnostic for UO. Conventional management of UO can involve substantial owner expense. Struvite crystals may be observed as well, especially in alkaline urine. These obstructions will start off in the kidneys and pass down to the bladder, eventually making their way into the urethra. Clinical signs depend on the completeness and duration of the obstruction. Thank you. Malouin A, Milligan JA, Drobatz KJ. It is a life-threatening emergency that must be seen immediately by a veterinarian. Symptoms. Treatment often involves a panicked trip to the veterinary clinic (usually at the least convenient time possible) and hospitalization for the intensive care and monitoring needed to save the cat… Re-evaluation 7 to 10 days after discharge is recommended. As the condition progresses to a full urinary blockage and the cat is unable to pass any urine, the signs become more intense and the cat may experience life-threatening complications. In some cases, this can be a solution to the problem. Gregory F. Grauer, DVM, MS, DACVIM (SAIM), is a professor and Jarvis Chair of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, at Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Stabilize the bladder with one hand while the other hand guides the needle and an assistant operates the syringe. A 20- to 22-gauge over-the-needle catheter (without the needle) or olive-tip catheter may also be used; however, these are not usually long enough to reach the trigone and drain the bladder. If the cause is anatomical and there is blood present in the urine, your vet will take a contrast urethrogram. Feline UO is a treatable emergency, with a survival rate to discharge higher than 90%,1 despite the fact that it is potentially life threatening due to severe electrolyte and acid–base imbalances secondary to acute postrenal azotemia/uremia.1,4 Treatment commonly involves days of hospitalization, with substantial owner investment, and rates of recurrence following treatment are relatively high (range, 11%–43%).3,5, Given their relatively long and narrow urethra, male cats are much more likely than female cats to develop obstruction. Sodium bicarbonate A 50:50 mixture of water-soluble lubricant and sterile physiologic saline may also be injected through the catheter to provide lubrication along the entire length of the urethra and aid in catheter advancement. If no urine is expressed, therapeutic cystocentesis is performed and the cat is housed in a dark, quiet room to minimize stress. True/False: Therapeutic cystocentesis is contraindicated in cats with UO. Guidelines for catheter removal include resolution of metabolic derangements (such as azotemia) and POD as well as improvement in the gross character of the urine (clear versus cloudy/hemorrhagic).10 The average duration of indwelling catheterization is 48 hours. Use of this protocol may result in shorter anesthetic events and easier urethral catheterization in cats with UO. Urinary blockages are more common in males but can certainly occur in females. Therapeutic cystocentesis should be performed as soon as possible in cats with very large bladders and prior to anesthesia for urethral catheter placement to aid in stabilizing the patient. Because of the abnormal passage of urine, the stream or flow of urine will be interrupted and may appear cloudy. If left untreated, a UTI can lead to partial or complete blockage of the urethra. Inhalational anesthesia (isoflurane or sevoflurane) via endotracheal tube may be necessary in some cats that are not sufficiently relaxed with the above protocols.

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