True seeds are used for breeding only. Every plant has different names in different languages. Sweet potato chips are also a commonly sold snack, be it on the street or in packaged foods. [32] It was introduced to the Fujian province of China in about 1594 from Luzon, in response to a major crop failure. This article is about the large tuberous starchy root eaten as a staple food. Cured sweet potatoes can keep for thirteen months when stored at 13–15 °C (55–59 °F) with >90% relative humidity. Sweet Potato. [60] Amukeke is mainly served for breakfast, eaten with peanut sauce. Fried sweet potatoes coated with caramelized sugar and served in skewers (camote cue) are popular afternoon snacks. The R/C ratio indicated that sweet potato farm was still feasible and profitable to be cultivate. Kumara are an integral part of roast meals in New Zealand. Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Taiwan, 23-27 March 1981. I. batatas. • White-Skinned Sweet Potato / Hypoglycemic Effect / Mechanisms: Study investigated the mechanism of white-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on reducing blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It grows best at an average temperature of 24 °C (75 °F), with abundant sunshine and warm nights. Layers of sweet potatoes, an assortment of vegetables, and pork are piled on top of the rocks. [5], In Pakistan, sweet potato is known as shakarqandi and is cooked as vegetable dish and also with meat dishes (chicken, mutton or beef). [92], In Spain, sweet potato is called boniato. Export. [citation needed], A cultivar of the sweet potato called the boniato is grown in the Caribbean; its flesh is cream-colored, unlike the more common orange hue seen in other cultivars. Sweet potato mash is served as a side dish, often at Thanksgiving dinner or with barbecue. The genus Ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to Ipomoea batatas. [11], In Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, the sweet potato is called batata. If you want to know what a plant is called in Hindi, Greek, Portuguese or Polish, you are at the right place. The two-chamber ovary is upper constant with a relatively short stylus. [citation needed], The origin and domestication of sweet potato occurred in either Central or South America. Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets Sweetpotato hornworm (027) Greenhouse whitefly (GHW) and Sweet potato whitefly (SPW). [95][96][97], Ceramics modeled after sweet potatoes or camotes are often found in the Moche culture. This would cause huge disruption and costs to the food industry. [47] Proper curing requires drying the freshly dug roots on the ground for two to three hours, then storage at 29–32 °C (85–90 °F) with 90 to 95% relative humidity from five to fourteen days. This sweet potato gets its name because of its deep red or purple skin, and it is perfect for any recipe that calls for grated or mashed sweet potatoes, including bread, cakes, and many other desserts. [citation needed], Globally, sweet potatoes are now a staple ingredient of modern sushi cuisine, specifically used in maki rolls. Some cultivars also form shoots up to 16 meters in length. Hammett HL, Hernandez TP, Martin WJ, Clark CA, 1982. Sweet potatoes rarely flower when the daylight is longer than 11 hours, as is normal outside of the tropics. They gifted the strain to the nation, later in 2013 earning them the Bledisloe Cup. It has alternate, heart-shaped, lobed leaves and medium-sized flowers. [67] The tubers are boiled or baked in coals and may be dipped in sugar or syrup. Topic of Discussion Production technology of sweet potato 2. "Sweet Potato". They’re higher in fiber and nutrients, such as beta carotene. [33], Sweet potatoes were also introduced to the Ryukyu Kingdom, present-day Okinawa, Japan, in the early 1600s by the Portuguese. Steamed and dried sweet potato is a delicacy from Liancheng County. Ipomoea batatas. The leaf stalk is 5 to 20 inches long. It is commonly served with a portion of the same size of soft cheese on top of it. It is boiled and consumed as evening snack. Amukeke (sun-dried slices of root) and inginyo (sun-dried crushed root) are a staple food for people in northeastern Uganda. You can also know the Sweet Potato Scientific Classification which will help you gain the botanical information about the plant. Although species plants and varieties grown as food crops have somewhat attrac… A part of the tuber harvest is used in India as cattle fodder. Imo-gohan, sweet potato cooked with rice, is popular in Guangdong, Taiwan and Japan. Native plants can be important hosts of sweetpotato weevil. [71][72] Mashed sweet potato tubers are used similarly throughout the world. In Korea, sweet potatoes, known as goguma, are roasted in a drum can, baked in foil or on an open fire, typically during winter. In Japan, both sweet potatoes (called "satsuma-imo") and true purple yams (called "daijo" or "beni-imo") are grown. ), which has led some scholars to suspect an instance of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Choisy (1833) Convolvulus batatas L. (1753) Convolvulus edulis Thunb. Z raw plantains Today, the sweet potato is a popular root vegetable that is grown in vegetable gardens and as a commercial food crop throughout the world. /* unofficial. [7], Some organizations and researchers advocate for the styling of the name as one word—sweetpotato—instead of two, to emphasize the plant's genetic uniqueness from both common potatoes and yams and to avoid confusion of it being classified as a type of common potato. The leaves are screwed along the stems. In South Africa, sweet potatoes are often eaten as a side dish such as Soetpatats. Principal bacterial and fungal diseases of sweet potato and their control. [76] Sweet potato pie is also a traditional favorite dish in Southern U.S. cuisine. [86] A disease-free strain was developed by Joe and Fay Gock. [15], In New Zealand, the Māori varieties bore elongated tubers with white skin and a whitish flesh. [78] [54] In addition, their leaves are edible and can be prepared like spinach or turnip greens. Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies cause over 40 diseases of vegetable and fiber crops worldwide. [93] Sweet potato is also appreciated to make cakes or to eat roasted through the whole country. The skin may be red, purple, or brown and white. They close again in the morning and begin to wither. Sweet potato Quick Facts; Name: Sweet potato: Scientific Name: Ipomoes batatas (L.) Lamk: Origin: Tropical regions in America: Colors: Red, purple, brown, yellow-brown, white (Tuber) Shapes: Fusiform, elongated subterranean (Tuber) Flesh colors: White, yellow, orange, purple: Calories: 114 Kcal./cup: Major nutrients: Vitamin A (134.71%) Copper (22.33%) Vitamin B6 (21.38%) [23], The sweet potato was grown in Polynesia before western exploration as the Ipomoea batatas, which is generally spread by vine cuttings rather than by seeds. [24] Sweet potato has been radiocarbon-dated in the Cook Islands to 1210-1400 CE. The classification of hundreds of potato names into the four species allows scientists to study disease trends among crops that share similar characteristics. It is recorded, for example, in Elinor Fettiplace's Receipt Book, compiled in England in 1604. The advent of sweet potato as a sushi ingredient is credited to chef Bun Lai of Miya's Sushi, who first introduced sweet potato rolls in the 1990s as a plant-based alternative to traditional fish-based sushi rolls. [3][4] Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of Convolvulaceae, I. batatas is the only crop plant of major importance—some others are used locally (e.g., I. aquatica "kangkong"), but many are poisonous. Although it has been found associated with several genera, its primary hosts are in the genus Ipomoea. Here are common names of Sweet Potato. better yielding orange-fleshed cultivars were released for cultivation by Haramaya University as a less sugary sweet potato with higher vitamin A content. In Mexico, Peru, Chile, Central America, and the Philippines, the sweet potato is known as camote (alternatively spelled kamote in the Philippines), derived from the Nahuatl word camotli. In Korean cuisine, sweet potato starch is used to produce dangmyeon (cellophane noodles). The inner three are a little longer. [67] The stew obtained from boiling camote tops is purple-colored, and is often mixed with lemon as juice. Red Garnet Sweet Potatoes. About 100 potato species grow in the wild, and another 500 scientific names are assigned to them. The scientific name for sweet potatoes is Ipomoea batatas.Sweet potatoes of all kinds are good alternatives to white potatoes. They are cultivated in the eastern and southern lower highlands and harvested during the rainy season (June/July). Explore the archive of the Sweet Potato production volume and market shares in countries with the most competitive Sweet Potato markets. By varying the proportions of the juices, every shade from pink to black can be obtained. For oca, the vegetable called yam in New Zealand, see Oxalis tuberosa. The stems are usually crawling on the ground and form adventitious roots at the nodes. A commonly used herbicide to rid the soil of any unwelcome plants that may interfere with growth is DCPA, also known as Dacthal. They are often a staple among impoverished families in provinces, as they are easier to cultivate and cost less than rice. … (1784) International Common Names. Health Benefits of Sweet Potatoes Sweet potatoes have very high nutrition value. Y raw yam The root is edible and is often long and tapered. A different crop plant, the oca (Oxalis tuberosa, a species of wood sorrel), is called a "yam" in many parts of Polynesia, including New Zealand. Railroad vine, Ipomoea pes-caprae, and morning glory, Ipomoea panduratea, are among the suitable wild hosts. Explore Sweet Potato Information in detail along with its common name and scientific name. E raw cassava Subscribe us to watch more videos. Another variation on the typical sweet potato pie is the Okinawan sweet potato haupia pie, which is made with purple sweet potatoes, native to the island of Hawaii and believed to have been originally cultivated as early as 500 CE.[77]. In comparison to other leafy greens, it possesses more dietary fiber and nutrients. [8][9][10] In its current usage in American English, the styling of the name as two words is still preferred. Modern trials have shown that these smaller varieties were capable of producing well,[81] but when American whalers, sealers and trading vessels introduced larger cultivars in the early 19th century, they quickly predominated.[82][83][84][85]. Sweet potato is facing the threat of a change to its scientific name, Ipomoea batatas, which would cause a huge amount of disruption and cost to the food industry. Scientific Name. Now let me show you their botanical difference: The sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is from the family Convolvulaceae, it is related to … [40][41], The genome of cultivated sweet potatoes contains sequences of DNA from Agrobacterium (now reclassified as Rhizobium), with genes actively expressed by the plants. The occasion is called La Castanyada. The sweet potato, especially the orange variety, is often called a "yam" in parts of North America, but it is also entirely unrel… People eat atapa with smoked fish cooked in peanut sauce or with dried cowpea leaves cooked in peanut sauce. In Fujian cuisine and Taiwanese cuisine, sweet potato is often cooked with rice to make congee. A nutritious juice drink is made from the orange-fleshed cultivars, and deep-fried snacks are also included. Shōchū, a Japanese spirit normally made from the fermentation of rice, can also be made from sweet potato, in which case it is called imo-jōchū. When this is put together to form "Ipomoea" the direct translation is "resembling bindweed." Secondary producers were Malawi and Nigeria. The sweet potato is the world's seventh most important food crop and it's facing the threat of a change to its scientific name. The leaves are consumed and cooked as spinach. Most people may not recognize that sweet potato belongs to the most popular genus of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae). Because the rapidly growing vines shade out weeds, little weeding is needed. The common name is widely used everywhere. Nature of damage. Annual rainfalls of 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) are considered most suitable, with a minimum of 500 mm (20 in) in the growing season. Sweet potatoes are a great source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. D raw potato with flesh and skin That’s why myself and 40 other scientists from around the world are taking action to preserve its name. [2] They can be grown in poor soils with little fertilizer. Roasting sliced or chopped sweet potatoes lightly coated in animal or vegetable oil at high heat became common in the United States at the start of the 21st century, a dish called “sweet potato fries”. Jiangsu, China: Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, 82-86. In East Asia, roasted sweet potatoes are popular street food. The country grows around 24,000 tonnes of kumara annually,[89] with nearly all of it (97%) grown in the Northland region. [87][88], There are three main cultivars of kumara sold in New Zealand: 'Owairaka Red' ("red"), 'Toka Toka Gold' ("gold"), and 'Beauregard' ("orange"). The fried sweet potatoes tradition dates to the early nineteenth century in the United States. While sweet potato provides less edible energy and protein per unit weight than cereals, it has higher nutrient density than cereals. The sweet potato is widely cultivated in tropical and warm temperate climates and is an important food crop in the southern United States, tropical America and the Caribbean, the warmer islands of the Pacific, Japan, and parts of Russia. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The Spanish combined this with the Quechua word for potato, papa, to create the word patata for the common potato. The sweet potato is distantly related to the common potato (Solanum tuberosum), both being in the order Solanales. Scientific name. In: Villareal RL, ed. Sweet potato, (Ipomoea batatas), food plant of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae), native to tropical America. [98], In South America, the juice of red sweet potatoes is combined with lime juice to make a dye for cloth. Yearly. [73], Candied sweet potatoes are a side dish consisting mainly of sweet potatoes prepared with brown sugar, marshmallows, maple syrup, molasses, orange juice, marron glacé, or other sweet ingredients. [61] This includes uses both in the mashed form and as flour from the dried tubers to replace part of the wheat flour and sugar in baked products such as cakes, chapatis, mandazis, bread, buns and cookies. [44], Depending on the cultivar and conditions, tuberous roots mature in two to nine months. [16] (which, it is thought, points to pre-European cross-Pacific travel). It is a tuberous rooted tender perennial that has been cultivated for its orange-fleshed edible tubers for over 2000 years. 28. [25] A common hypothesis is that a vine cutting was brought to central Polynesia by Polynesians who had traveled to South America and back, and spread from there across Polynesia to Easter Island, Hawaii and New Zealand. The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers. A popular Korean side dish or snack, goguma-mattang, also known as Korean candied sweet potato, is made by deep frying sweet potatoes that were cut into big chunks and coating them with caramelized sugar. [38] It was also introduced to Korea in 1764. For this reason, sweet potato vine is ideal for use in home aquariums, trailing out of the water with its roots submerged, as its rapid growth is fueled by toxic ammonia and nitrates, a waste product of aquatic life, which it removes from the water. Scientists debate the exact place of origin of I. batatas, although the evidence points toward Central America rather than South America. [citation needed], In Peru, sweet potatoes are called "camote" and are frequently served alongside ceviche. Some fungus diseases of the sweet potato. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci. Sweet potato casserole is a side dish of mashed sweet potatoes in a casserole dish, topped with a brown sugar and pecan topping. H raw sorghum Later explorers found many cultivars under an assortment of local names, but the name which stayed was the indigenous Taino name of batata. Between 15 and 20 percent of sweet potato harvest is converted by some Indian communities into pickles and snack chips. [48][49], In 2017, global production of sweet potatoes was 113 million tonnes, led by China with 64% of the world total (table). The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. This improves the living conditions for fish, which also find refuge in the extensive root systems.[78][100]. Import. Results showed hypoglycemic activity by inducing pancreatic beta cells regeneration and increasing insulin expression. sweet potato; Other Scientific Names. The scientific name of Sweet Potato is the botanical name or formal name. [20] In Central America, domesticated sweet potatoes were present at least 5,000 years ago,[21] with the origin of I. batatas possibly between the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico and the mouth of the Orinoco River in Venezuela. [100], Cuttings of sweet potato vine, either edible or ornamental cultivars, will rapidly form roots in water and will grow in it, indefinitely, in good lighting with a steady supply of nutrients. However, sweet potatoes are very sensitive to aluminum toxicity and will die about six weeks after planting if lime is not applied at planting in this type of soil. The leaves are mostly green in color, but due to the accumulation of anthocyanins, especially along the leaf veins, they can be purple in color. It is a great source of antioxidant, Vitamin C, A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and folic acid. They, as well as dishes featuring the sweet potato root, are commonly found at bento (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piān-tong) restaurants. The first Europeans to taste sweet potatoes were members of Christopher Columbus's expedition in 1492. The edible tuberous root is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose color ranges between yellow, orange, red, brown, purple, and beige. [12], In Peru and Bolivia, the general word in Quechua for the sweet potato is apichu, however there are variants used such as khumara, kumar (Ayacucho Quechua), and kumara (Bolivian Quechua),[13] strikingly similar to the Polynesian name kumara and its regional Oceanic cognates (kumala, umala, 'uala, etc. [69] Bread made from sweet potato flour is also gaining popularity. They are also baked at home as a snack or dessert, drenched with honey. In Sri Lanka, it is called 'Bathala', and tubers are used mainly for breakfast (boiled sweet potato is commonly served with sambal or grated coconut) or as an supplementary curry dish for rice. [34][35][36] Sweet potatoes became a staple in Japan because they were important in preventing famine when rice harvests were poor. Yearly. [39], The sweet potato arrived in Europe with the Columbian exchange. [22] The cultigen was most likely spread by local people to the Caribbean and South America by 2500 BCE. Vegetable name: SWEET POTATO Scientific name: Ipomoea batatas Thanks for watching this video. FAO Leaflet 13. Still it is beneficial to know the common name of all garden plants. [74], The sweet potato became a favorite food item of the French and Spanish settlers and thus continued a long history of cultivation in Louisiana. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. In homes, sweet potatoes are usually boiled. The leaves were finely chopped and used in dishes such as mas huni.[66]. In some tropical areas, they are a staple food crop. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. [citation needed], Although the sweet potato is not closely related botanically to the common potato, they have a shared etymology. With care, early-maturing cultivars can be grown as an annual summer crop in temperate areas, such as the Eastern United States and China. Among the Urapmin people of Papua New Guinea, taro (known in Urap as ima) and the sweet potato (Urap: wan) are the main sources of sustenance, and in fact the word for "food" in Urap is a compound of these two words.
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