12 Jan. 2021 . On the day of slaughter appointed by the original decree, the Jews were allowed to fight for their lives, and they proved to be worthy warriors. “Now there was a Jew who lived in the palace complex in Susa. She may have gone by Esther when she officially became queen. King Ahasuerus has been described as a sensualist who enjoyed drinking and other forms of debauchery. … The Book of Esther was also popular with 17th-century artists in the Netherlands. It deemphasizes the comic and stresses the melodramatic elements and it is considerably more concerned with issues of Jewish ritual. "Esther," Unitarian Universalists for Jewish Awareness, www.uuja.org/holidays/sermons/sermon–esther.html (January 6, 2005). During the 17th century a drama, Esther (1644), was written by Pierre Du Ryer and a long epic poem of the same name (1673) by Jean Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, both in the austere religious manner of the period. 1993. However, Mordecai constantly refused to prostrate himself before Haman at the palace gate. In Queen Esther's Garden: An Anthology of Judeo-Persian Literature. Shāhīn's epic is only one of the numerous works of art inspired by the Book of Esther in general and Esther in particular. "Queen Esther," hyperhistory.net, http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b1esther–p1mw.htm (January 6, 2005). "Esther," Christian Resource Center,http://www.nisbett.com/people/bp-esther.htm (January 6, 2005). ." To which she replied: "Jewish elder! The Story of Esther We read in Scripture that Esther was young and exceptionally beautiful. ." ." In addition, everyone took her to be one of his own people (Meg. It has been suggested that "Esther" and "Mordechai" are Hebrew forms of the names "Ishtar" and "Marduk." Yet, Queen Esther combined bravery with wise charm, and God saw that she was protected. 2:7), a testimony to the practice of Jews having double names, as do the heroes in *Daniel. S. Schwarz, The Jews in the Soviet Union (1951), index; lnyl, 1 (1956), 141–3. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther. 12 Jan. 2021 . Hermann Cohn's five-act parody Der Barbier von Schuschan (1894) was an imitation of P. Cornelius' Barbier von Bagdad; Abraham *Goldfaden's Kenig Akhashverosh (c. 1885) produced no memorable tune; and M. Gelbart wrote Akhashverosh, a Purim play in New York (1916). ), Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie, 1 (1968), 683–7; F. Rosenberg, in: Festschrift… Adolf Tobler (1905), 335–54; P. Goodman, Purim Anthology (1960). At the outset, the Persian ruler Ahasuerus has a grand feast that is spoiled when his wife, Vashti, refuses his demand that she perform before the assembled males. The story of Esther involves someone from the humblest of origins, a Jewish exile, who rises to become a queen. But this too was in vain (Meg. "Esther Another word for favor occurs in Esther 2:15; 5:2,8; 7:3; 8:5 to emphasize the theme of favor in the book. Esther was the daughter of Abihail, of the tribe of Benjamin. Queen Esther may have been a vegetarian (for a while at least). Piqued by the refusal of Mordecai to bow down in homage to him, Haman slanders the Jews to the king and, with the use of lots (Heb., purim ), sets a date for their annihilation (Est. (January 12, 2021). When her opportunity finally came to appear before the king, Ahasuerus was immediately taken with Esther's attractiveness, and he made her his new queen. After an investigation, the eunuchs were executed, and Mordecai's loyalty and aid to the king was recorded in the chronicles of the kingdom. Brenner, Athalya, ed. God uses ordinary people. SOLOMON (January 12, 2021). First, Esther came to symbolize the court Jew who risked everything to defend the nation so often slandered, despised, and threatened. The king had become drunk on wine and commanded that his wife, Queen Vashti come out before everyone to show how beautiful she was. The virtues of the Jewish heroine were emphasized in the Austrian dramatist Franz Grillparzer's unfinished play Esther (1848), and other treatments included J.A. She was orphaned as a child, and her cousin *Mordecai adopted her and brought her up. 9–10). Hadassah, a Jewish orphan, became Esther, the queen who saved her people. Encyclopaedia Judaica. She was imprisoned several times for revolutionary activities and went to Switzerland, where she became a member of the foreign committee of the Bund. 1623-1624). The Venetian painters Tintoretto and Veronese treated the Esther story as an occasion for pomp and pageantry, Tintoretto painting the Swooning of Esther (1545), a subject later treated by Poussin. Esther was born around 492 B.C. Worked into a full oratorio 12 years later, with additional words by Samuel Humphreys, it had a triumphant reception at the King's Theater in London in 1732. Her father died soon after her conception and her mother when she was born (Meg. And it’s been thirty days now since I’ve been invited to come to the king.’” Esther 4:11, The Message. Esther in Medieval Garb: Jewish Interpretation of the Book of Esther in the Middle Ages. Esther (Heb. The music of the Jewish Purim plays has not survived in notation, except for a few songs collected by 20th-century folklorists from surviving practitioners. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther-0, "Esther Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/esther, Biblical story of a young Jewish girl named Esther who is sought as the bride of Ahasuerus, the King of Persia. Encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Culture Society History, The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, ESTHER I used the King James Version of the Bible for the answers. Encyclopedia of World Biography. A Feminist Companion to Esther, Judith and Susanna. 3). He despises Mordecai because he is a Jew, and tries t… Esther reminded the king that the decree for the massacre was still in effect. ." While imploring, he fell on Esther's couch and was found in this compromising situation on the king's return. Ichabod, "…, Estés, Clarissa Pinkola: 1943—: Writer, Psychologist, estimated average requirements for energy, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05549a.htm, http://www.nisbett.com/people/bp-esther.htm, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/esther-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/esther, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/esther. Now, the king ordered that Haman be executed, along with his ten sons, on the very same gallows. Later, when *Haman, the prime minister, persuaded the king to issue an edict of extermination of all the Jews of the empire, Esther, on Mordecai's advice, endangered her own life by appearing before the king without being invited, in order to intercede for her people (4:16–17). Various additions to Esther have been incorporated into the Apocrypha and Septuagint, and there are numerous expansions in the Aramaic Targum sheni. Garden City, N.Y., 1971. As his first bit of counsel, he told her to conceal the fact that she was Jewish. With the revocation of the evil decree, Esther sent to the sages and asked them to perpetuate her name by the reading of the book of Esther and by the institution of a feast. She most likely didn’t submit a résumé or raise her hand excitedly to volunteer for the harem. A Yiddish play, Esther, oder di belonte Tugend (1827, 18543), was written by J. Herz, and Hebrew adaptations of Racine's classic drama made by S.J.L. Moreen, Vera B., trans. JOHN BOWKER "Esther Encyclopaedia Judaica. Thank You so much for your help, and you very interesting information. Encyclopedia.com. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. (Esther 1-10) Facts to Know: - The book of Esther is one of only two in the Bible named for women (the other is Ruth). Encyclopedia of Religion. Esther, in the book of Esther, was a biblical heroine who saved the Jewish people. Here is her journey of faith. 13a). 15a), though some say that she was of sallow complexion but endowed with great charm. Popular single subjects were the toilet of Esther, the triumph of Mordecai, and the punishment of Haman. 9:2). Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Esther wisely planned to make her request in a more private, less formal setting, where the king would not be seen publicly to change his mind about a law because of his wife’s influence. Available Formats. A trickster's manipulative conduct, coupled with seductive beauty, are viewed to have been part of Esther's only available means to carry out her unselfish purpose through powerful but vulnerable men. . Here are 10 fascinating facts about the Purim story that may surprise you! However, the tradition is evident in Isaac Offenbach's play Koenigin Esther (manuscript dated 1833, at the Jewish Institute of Religion, New York), which includes some "couplets" and in which the court jester seems a more important figure than the biblical personages. The king eventually accepted her invitation and all went well, so Esther asked her guests to join her again the following night. *Silman's Megillat Esther by the *Ohel theater, the music was written by Y. It has been suggested that Mordecai served as a gatekeeper, and this position enabled him to stay in continual communication with Esther. 6:1–14). In addition, the decree called for the confiscation of all of their property. 79; 4:387-388; 6:460n. Esther was born at a time when Israel was in captivity as a consequence to their disobedience to God. It is believed that her life extended into the reign of her stepson, Artaxerxes. as Hadasseh (a Jewish name meaning myrtle). 12 Jan. 2021 . The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. ." Encyclopedia.com. The king and queen were not alone in the throne room; there were inevitably retainers, guards, Persian officials, and even perhaps foreigners present on state business. After Haman was executed, the king chose Mordecai to fill the empty position. Haman cunningly obtained the king's unwitting consent for a general massacre, to take place in one day, of all the Jews. The Persian name Esther means “star”; it sounds like Hadassah and suggests the star-shaped myrtle flowers, but it is related the name of the Babylonian goddess Ishtar. 80). 12 Jan. 2021 . After the Babylonian empire was itself conquered by the Persians under Cyrus the Great, the exiled tribes were allowed to return to Jerusalem. “Now there was a Jew who lived in the palace complex in Susa. He was immediately condemned to be hanged on the gallows he had prepared for Mordecai. - It’s also one of two books of the entire Bible that doesn’t actually mention God’s name (the other is Song of Songs). The story was sometimes presented in a narrative cycle of varying length or in individual episodes. 12 Jan. 2021 . To prove the superiority of their guardianship over that of the Jew, they decided to kill the king. With King Ahasuerus, she had one son, named Darius II, who would later rebuild the holy Temple in Jersusalem. Some Yiddish and Hebrew poems of the early 18th century were published with the indication "to be sung to the tune of Haman in the Ahashverosh play" (see Idelsohn, Music, 437), but this tune has not yet been recovered. Esther's appeal to the king involved her requesting that he attend a banquet in her quarters, and that he be accompanied by Haman. 1 (1956), 335–42, includes bibliography; E. Kirschbaum (ed. The truth of the matter seems to be that Cyrus was the son of Astyages and Queen Esther of the book of Esther (see Kings of Persia). However, the date of retrieval is often important. Thus Esther herself is of royal blood, a descendant of King Saul, worthy of royal marriage. In The Jewish Study Bible. Since Esther is an Iranian heroine, it is not surprising that Iranian Jews have preserved her memory with great devotion. Esther then revealed all to the king: her petition for the Jewish people, her own Jewish heritage, and Haman's deceit in obtaining the decree. When Esther’s parents were … ." But before she made her request, she waited for three days and spent the time in fasting and prayer. "Esther." *Rapoport (in She'erit Judah, 1827) and, in complete form, by Meir Ha-Levi *Letteris (Shelom Esther, 1843). Three other modern treatments are Izak *Goller's fantasy A Purim-Night's Dream (1931) and James Bridie's What Say They? . Troubled by the marriage of such a paragon to a gentile monarch, even in the cause of saving her people, rabbinical texts try to explain away the marriage as a formality without substance, outright rape, or, in an extreme instance, by claiming that Ahasuerus made love only to "to a female spirit in the guise of Esther" (Ginzberg, 4:387; 6:640n. After Haman found out that Mordecai was Jewish, he designed a plot to have all Jews in the Persian kingdom killed. Previously, she was a member of the harem of the Persian king Ahasuerus, who was also known as King Xerxes. Thus in Shāhīn's account, Esther's role as savior is much broader and fully justifies her marriage to a gentile monarch. ESTHER , or, in Hebrew, Ester; the daughter of Abihail, also called Hadassah; heroine of the biblical book that bears her name. Encyclopedia.com. She took an active part in founding a network of Yiddish schools, courses for teachers, and other educational institutions. JOHN BOWKER "Esther The most notable modern work on the subject is Darius *Milhaud's opera Esther de Carpentras, which dramatized the staging of an old Provençal Purim play with the threat posed by a conversionist bishop of Carpentras. . 12 Jan. 2021 . Mordecai had reared his cousin Hadassah, otherwise known as Esther, since she had no father or mother. As scripture reveals, Esther is a Jewish woman living in Persia and reared by her cousin Mordecai. Queen Esther of the Bible and her uncle Mordecai were Jews descended from the tribe of Benjamin, and ultimately descended from the lineage of the first king of Israel, king Saul son of Kish. "Esther 5:1) is traditionally interpreted as referring to her being wrapped in the Holy Spirit. . When Queen *Vashti fell into disgrace because of her disobedience to King *Ahasuerus, Esther was among the beautiful virgins chosen to be presented to the king (1:19–2:8). Encyclopedia.com. Mishkinsky, Moshe; Spector, Shmuel "Esther ." In the narrative, Ahasuerus seeks a new wife after his queen, Vashti, refuses to obey him, and Esther is chosen for her beauty. Queen Esther, warned of the conspiracy by her foster father Mordecai, broke the news to the king, and identified Haman as the instigator. ." 1:1--Neh. 91m/C VHS, DVD . When he returned, he found Haman at Esther's feet. 4 For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to be annihilated. “Hegai liked Esther and took a special interest in her. ." Vashti is banished, a decree is issued that all wives must honor their husbands, and the stage is set for a search to replace the defiant queen. According to accounts, when Esther's parents died, she was adopted by her father's brother, Mordecai, who later became a courtier of the Persian King Ahasuerus. 15b). Ginzberg, Louis. There laws are not equally disturbuted to all the King had rules even he must adhere to, this is the dance between mans rules & GODs will & guidance. Earlier, Haman had built a gallows that he intended to use to hang Mordecai. Familiar with both the biblical and rabbinic narratives, Shāhīn composed his own version of the Books of Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah by creating an audacious link between Esther's marriage and the fate of the Jewish people. An early musical treatment of the subject is a 14th-century motet for three voices, Quoniam novi probatur, in which Haman, or someone whose fate he symbolizes, voices his complaint (see C. Parrish, The Notation of Mediaeval Music (1957), 138–40). Esther then planned to appeal to the king on behalf of the Jews, but this would require that she reveal to her husband the king that she, too, was Jewish. Paris, 1956. Esther reigned as the queen of Persia for a period of about 13 years. . But in their time, it was one of several Persian capitals and was located about 200 miles east of Babylon, 75 miles east of the Tigris River, and 130 miles north of the Persian Gulf. She acquired a wide Jewish knowledge in childhood, including Hebrew and Bible studies, and studied in St. Petersburg and Berlin. It is believed she adopted the Persian name Esther when she entered the Persian court harem when she was a young girl. 10th century BCE)—known also as Bilqis and as Makeda—figures prominently in Judaic, Islamic…, A somewhat nebulous figure, the Queen of Sheba (fl. Bigthan and Teresh, who had previously kept the gate, became incensed, saying: "The king has removed two officials and replaced them by this single barbarian." 2:49). 4. Encyclopedia.com. The name Esther itself means star and happiness. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/esther, MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "Esther Her story is recounted in the Bible in the Book of Esther. Lesson found in the Old Testament Book of Esther. The latter, which entirely omitted the character of Vashti and muted the role of Mordecai, contained marked political undertones reflecting popular dissatisfaction with King Henry viii and his ministers of state. A somewhat nebulous figure, the Queen of Sheba (fl. The events of the book of Esther came before those of Ezra and Nehemiah; and the events of Neh. Meyerowitz also wrote a choral work, Midrash Esther (premiere, 1957). A charming Toilet of Esther was executed by Théodore Chassériau in 1841. Physical beauty and great courage were combined in her to such a degree that she merited having her name immortalized by becoming part of the Hebrew biblical canon. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Culture Society History. The inspirational The Book Of Esther was made into a movie, released in 2013 and directed by David A. R. White. Rubens and Jan Steen painted Esther Before Ahasuerus, and Jan Steen also executed a spirited, almost farcical, Wrath of Ahasuerus (1660). On the night of the second banquet, the king told Esther that he would grant whatever she would ask. Once, while at the palace gate, Mordecai overheard a plot being hatched by two of the king's eunuchs to kill Ahasuerus. There is speculation as to the exact nature of this refusal. (January 12, 2021). Renaissance artists such as Botticelli, Filippino Lippi, Mantegna, Tintoretto, and Paolo Veronese painted subjects from the Book of Esther.
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