According to his own account, García Oliver had long been preoccupied with the question of Morocco and conceived of a rebellion in the Spanish protectorate as key to the success of the revolution. The Spanish protectorate consisted of a northern strip on the Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar, and a southern part of the protectorate around Cape Juby, bordering the Spanish Sahara. Later, when El Batel - Dar Driuch 23.5 km, El Batel - Ulad Candussi - Dar Quebdani 23 km, Dar Driuch - Tafersit 12 km had been decided to be built to standard 600 mm gauge field railways the Spanish Army bought a number of surplus former German built World War I locomotives and rolling stock from Germany. The communist parties, the Communist Party of Spain and Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), advocated anti-colonialist policies whereby the Republican Government would support the independence of Spanish Morocco, intending to create a rebellion in Franco's back and cause disaffection among his Moroccan troops. Tag: Spanish protectorate in Morocco Essay 59: Movies as a Second University Head in the Clouds is a 2004 Canadian – British war drama film written and directed by John Duigan . The Spanish Army concentrated nearly 100.000 soldiers to pacify the Rif area and built an extension westward from El Batel. Because the local Muslim troops had been among Franco's earliest supporters, the protectorate enjoyed more political freedom than Franco-era Spain proper after Franco's victory,[5] with competing political parties and a Moroccan nationalist press, criticizing the Spanish government. The mountainous Tamazight-speaking area had often escaped the sultan’s control. The Republic of the Rif led by the guerrilla leader Abd El-Krim was a breakaway state that existed in the Rif region from 1921 to 1926, when it was dissolved by joint expedition of the Spanish Army of Africa and French forces during the Rif War. In August 1936 he contacted an old comrade, José Margelí, whom he had bumped into two months before in the company of an Egyptian teacher, Marcelo Argila. Rif War (1921–26), conflict between Spanish colonial forces and Rif peoples led by Muhammad Abd el-Krim. The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco (1912-1956) Independent Morocco under King Mohammed V (1956-1961) Morocco under King Hassan II (1961-1999) Morocco under King Mohammed VI (1999-present ) Role of Jews in Moroccan Society Show sub menu. march on Fez and settlement with Germany, France was able to sign a Protectorate agreement with Morocco in March 1912 and, after much wrangling, a treaty between Spain and France was completed on 27 November 1912 to establish a Spanish Protectorate. The Spanish Civil War started in 1936 with the uprising of the Spanish troops stationed in Spain and Morocco: The Protectorate Era In the 19th Century, European influence progressed in Morocco. The company built an extensive railway network in the Melilla area. África (as the Protectorate was informally known in the Spanish military parlance) under the command of Francisco Franco against the Republican Government. View Academics in Spanish Protectorated in Morocco on Academia.edu. ) arose as a result of the Agadir crisis and was established on the basis of the Treaty of Fez in March 1912 (in which Sultan Abdelhafid allowed Germany to cede protection of Morocco to France and Spain) which defined it (Art.I Par.3)[1] as a Spanish sphere of influence in the French Protectorate of Morocco. [citation needed]. View Spanish Protectorated in Morocco Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. In the 1930s, Spanish troops garrisoned in the two cities played a major role in future dictator Francisco Franco’s uprising against their government. There was continuous unrest in the area and the Rif Cabyle rebels attacked the railways. There are no official figures about the exact ethnic origins of all Moroccans , but the implicitly accepted idea inside and outside Morocco is that Moroccans are essentially mixed Arab-Berbers. Spanish troops provisionally occupied Tangier during World War II, on th… The work's aim is to explain the most … The line was opened on 17 Marc 1918. SPANISH MOROCCO. Initially, a Spanish zone of influence in Morocco was established in 1912,[2] consisting of the northern part of the country and the Cape Juby Strip. During that era there was no entity whatsoever in the Sahara that was separate from Morocco . The Sultankept a nominal sovereignty. Security of the Jewish Community. English: The Spanish protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956) — two Spanish colonies, in Morocco and Western Sahara, North Africa. The Junta de Obras del Puerto de Melilla started at ones extensive building of harbour to carry mineral traffic overseas, mainly to Spain. France occupied Ujda and Casablanca in 1907, whereas Spain occupied Salwan and other strategic places in 1909. In one hand, the Moroccan administration, the head of which was the khalifa, that exercised, by delegation of the Sultan, all its powers, mainly the legislative,by the Dahir (decree). Melilla is a safe city to visit, though not unconditionally so. While the sparsely populated Cabo Juby was administered as a single entity with Spanish Sahara, the northern territories of the Spanish zone of influence, consisting of the northern part of Morocco, except Ceuta, Melilla and Tangier, were administered as a protectorate with its capital at Tetuán (Tétouan). Some Moroccans believe themselves to be of mixed Arab-Berber descent or of Arab-Berber-Andalusian ancestry. On 7 April 1956, France officially relinquished its protectorate in Morocco . C.R. Information and translations of spanish protectorate in morocco in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. These troops became the core of the Nationalist Army, which also recruited a considerable number of Moroccan troops. Morocco first experienced Christianity while under Roman rule, as the Empire converted to the faith in its later years. As for the plazas de soberanía (Spanish name for various enclaves and islands on the northern Moroccan coast), they were gained in 16th–19th centuries, before the international agreements on the Protectorate. The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco (1912-1956) Independent Morocco under King Mohammed V (1956-1961) Morocco under King Hassan II (1961-1999) Morocco under King Mohammed VI (1999-present ) Role of Jews in Moroccan Society Show sub menu. France controlled the Moroccan land to the south of the Spanish Protectorate. View Academics in Spanish Protectorate in Morocco on Academia.edu. However, after the arrival of Islam , Christianity ceased to have a significant population in the country. The Compañía del Norte Africano and the Compañía Minera Setolazar, both of 600 mm gauge. The harbour was built in 1911 - 1914 but World War I delayed the 34 km standard gauge railway line to Larache to 1922. When Spanish General Alfau occupied Tetuán in 1913 it was decided to build an 18 km 600 mm gauge railway to Río Martín using the trackbed of the former lifted standard gauge railway. Madrid asserts that both territories are integral parts of Spain and have the same status as the semi-autonomous regions on its mainland. Why did Spain take over Morocco? The French Protectorate consisted of a majority, about nine-tenths, of Morocco. Street robbery is not an uncommon occurrence for people walking alone at night in Melilla . France had already taken control of Algeria, which borders Morocco , and wanted to take over Morocco as well. Morocco claims Ceuta and Melilla as integral parts of the country, considering them to be under foreign occupation, comparing their status to that of Gibraltar. Over the preceding decade, large segments of the Moroccan heartland had fallen into French hands; it was only France’s reluctance to alarm other European states that kept her from declaring full dominion over Morocco before 1912. Civil ensign of Spanish Morocco (1937-1956). Feelings of nationalism made people proud of all that their country had achieved. The 10 km Ferrocarril Tetuan - Rio Martin y prolongaciones was opened on 20 May 1915 for public service. The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence into a formal protectorate. The northern zone became part of independent Morocco on 7 April 1956, shortly after France had ceded its protectorate (French Morocco). The war was the last and perhaps most significant of many confrontations between the Berber peoples inhabiting the region and the Spanish. In the end of the XIXth century, there were a lot of revolts in Moroccoand the European powers decided to solve the “Moroccan problem”. Ferrocarril Ceuta-Tetuan built stations at Ceuta (0.5 km), Miramar, Ceuta (2.9 km), Castillejos (8.0 km), Dar Riffen (11.1 km), Negro (13.8 km), Rincón del Medik (24.9 km), Malalien (38.1 km), and terminal station Tetuán (41.0 km). Motivation. Both companies had common locomotive shed at Beni Ensar. English: Vectorised map about the French and Spanish protectorate on Morocco in 1912 - own work inspired from Jean Sellier, Atlas des peuples d'Afrique, p. 84. The Spanish Protectorate excluded the city of Tangiers, which became an international zone in 1923. Repertorio biográfico y emocional (Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. It was fought mainly in the Rif, a mountainous region of northern Morocco. It had obtained mining rights at Idem, Beni Sidel and Mazuza areas. "Min Khalifa Marrakesh Ila Mu’tamar Maghreb El Arabi." After the Spanish protectorate was established, Spanish stamps overprinted "Marruecos" were issued in 1914, followed by stamps overprinted "Protectorado Español en Marruecos" in 1915. The Compañía Española de Minas del Rif was founded on 21 July 1908. (From the caliph of the king of Morocco to the Conference of the Maghreb). The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. The Junta de Obras and the Compañía Transatlántica Española were merged to form a new company, the Junta de Fomento de Melilla on 16 December 1911. The capital city of the French Protectorate was Rabat (History of Morocco to the Present Day, Moroccansands.com). Spanish troops provisionally occupied Tangier during World War II, on the pretext that an Italian invasion was imminent.[3]. Spanish Morocco #145 (1935) The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco (الحماية الإسبانية على المغرب — Protectorado español en Marruecos) was established on November 27, 1912, by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. The Moroccan Sephardi Jews—many of them living in this part of the Maghreb after being expelled from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497 respectively after the end of the Reconquista process—flourished in commerce, profiting from the similarity of Spanish and Ladino language and benefiting from the tax-exempt area in Tangier and a flourishing trading activity in the area. The Ferrocarril Ceuta-Tetuán was founded on 15 September 1912 to connect Ceuta to Tetuán with 41 km 1000 mm gauge railway. Another company, the Ferrocarril Nador-Tistutin built a 1000 mm gauge 36 km Nador - Tinequemart - Zeluan - Monte Arruit - Tistutin - El Batel line. Spanish migrants constituted the largest European community in all of Morocco by the late nineteenth century (Martín Corrales 2012; López García 2012). Initially, a Spanish zone of influence in Morocco was established in 1912, consisting of the northern part of the country and the Cape Juby Strip. Ceuta and Melilla were nor part of the protectorate The box is incorrect, by the fact of Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla were nor part of the Spanish protectorate of Morocco, but cities subject to the Spanish central government (as the rest of "Plazas de Soberanía", … Flag of Spanish Protectorate of Morocco (1913-1931) Before independence of the RIf the administrative system of the Protectorate was derived from the concept of there being a formal dual authorities. The French Protectorate of Morocco (French: Protectorat français au Maroc; Arabic: الحماية الفرنسية في المغرب ), also known as French Morocco, was the French military occupation of a large part of Morocco established in the form of a colonial regime imposed by France while preserving the Moroccan royal regime known as the Sherifian Empire under French rule. At first El Batel - Dar Driuch - Laababda - Zoco el Had, El Batel - El Aasel - Dar Mohan - Ulad Candusi, Dar Driuch - Ben Tiep and Laababda - Dar Tafersit lines were operated by locotractors which could haul 200 tons with three locotractors. The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. 373 sqkm international zone centered on the city of Tangier, Morocco, then under French and Spanish protectorate, under the joint administration of France, Spain, and the United Kingdom (later Portugal, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States), that existed from 1924 until its reintegration into independent Morocco in 1956. However, the Republican Government under the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) rejected any such idea - which would have likely resulted in conflict with France, the colonial ruler of the other portion of Morocco.[4]. The extensions south to Benkarrir and Zina 18 km was opened on 31.03.1921 and west to Laucien 8 km, when the railway bridge at Mogote was finally completed, on the same day. Meaning of spanish protectorate in morocco. The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco (1912-1956) Independent Morocco under King Mohammed V (1956-1961) Morocco under King Hassan II (1961-1999) Morocco under King Mohammed VI (1999-present ) Role of Jews in Moroccan Society Show sub menu. If the Treaty of Spanish Protectorate in Morocco is signed on 27 November 1912, not this year which marks the beginning of true Spanish penetration in the country. There were also two other companies which operated their own mining railways. The surface area of the protectorate was about 20,948 km², which represents 4.69% of modern-day Morocco. (1947, April). Biographic and Emotional Repertoire) presented at the Spanish Lower House and is part of Iberdrola's commitment to education, history and culture. Its exploitation led to an economic boom in Melilla. In spite of German protest, the French Protectorate over Morocco was established on 30 March 1912. Security of the Jewish Community. The length of this lead carrier was 19 km. The French Protectorate in Morocco (French: Protectorat français au Maroc, pronounced: [pʁɔtɛktɔʁa fʁɑ̃sɛ ɔ maʁɔk]; Arabic: الحماية الفرنسية في المغرب), also known as French Morocco (French: Maroc français), was a colonial regime imposed by France in the Sherifian Empire. [2] It ended in 1956, when both France and Spain recognized Moroccan independence. The Protectorate system was established in 1912. In 1956, when French Morocco became independent, Spain discontinued the Protectorate and surrendered the territory to the newly independent kingdom while retaining the plazas de soberanía, Ifni and other colonies outside Morocco, such as Spanish Sahara. The Protectorate did not formally include Ceuta and Melilla. Pennel, Morocco Since 1830, A History, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, States and territories established in 1913, Ferrocarril Tetuan - Rio Martin y prolongaciones, List of Spanish High Commissioners in Morocco, Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco, http://books.google.com/books?id=lkOXLMhNqLcC, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Spanish_Protectorate_in_Morocco?oldid=5250124. Spanish protectorate in Morocco From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. Unwilling to accept this, the Moroccan Army of Liberation waged war against the Spanish forces and in the Ifni War of 1958, spreading from Sidi Ifni to Rio de Oro, gained Tarfaya. The tiny Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla sit on the northern shores of Morocco’s Mediterranean coast. The 1000 mm gauge main line Melilla - Beni Ensar - Tizi Tavessart - Atalayon - Nador - Segagnan - San Juan de las Minas - Minas de Jebel Uisai (Ulad Canem) 31,5 km was the first common carrier railway in Spanish Morocco between Melilla and San Juan de las Minas. With new harbour installations the company built also a 750 mm gauge local 4.1 km harbour line from Melilla Harbour to Sidi Musa, later extended to the total length of 7 km as demanded by Spanish military. There are always lots of people enjoying the beach, etc. This is as follows. The Spanish protectorate over northern Morocco extended from Larache (El-Araish) on the Atlantic to 30 miles (48 km) beyond Melilla (already a Spanish possession) on the Mediterranean. Before the advent of colonization and the imposition of the protectorate on Morocco , the country was fully sovereign, independent, and united. Following the establishment of the protectorate over the northern Rif mountains in 1912, Morocco played a central part in Spanish history. © 2021 Morocco info - WordPress Theme : by. Io, detentore del copyright su quest'opera, dichiaro di pubblicarla con la seguente licenza: Questo file è licenziato in base ai termini della licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo 2.5 Generico: The northern part became the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco, while the southern part was added by Spain to its colony of Spanish Sahara, which extended South to the border with Mauritania. Portions of northwest Africa held by Spain from the 1500s until 1975.. Like most imperializing countries, the Spanish and French wanted to colonize Morocco because they wanted power. The two entities were in/adjacent to the French Protectorate of Morocco.}} When the area was finally pacified in 1926 the lines were lifted and the rolling stock transferred elsewhere. For Morocco is not an Arab country at all, but a Berber one with a deceptive Arab veneer. In 1969, Morocco obtained Ifni. The Mediterranean port cities of Melilla and Ceuta … Français : Protectorat marocain. While the sparsely populated Cabo Juby was administered as a single entity with Spanish Sahara, the northern territories of the Spanish zone of influence, consisting of the northern part of Morocco, except Ceuta, Melilla and Tangier, were administered as a protectorate with its capital at Tetuán (Tétouan). Many of the pre -Christian religions were then reduced in number as Christianity spread. The Spanish protectorate consisted of a northern strip on the Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar, and a southern part of the protectorate around Cape Juby, bordering the Spanish Sahara. The signing of the Treaty of Fez on March 30, 1912, ushering in the French Protectorate, was a mournful finale to ʿAbd al-Hafiz’s reign. The northern zone became part of independent Morocco on 7 April 1956, shortly after France had ceded its protectorate (French Morocco). The legal Islamic qadis system was formally maintained. Compañía del Norte Africano 600 mm gauge industrial railway served the lead mines at Monte Afra with company's Melilla - Nador - Monte Afra line on the north coast. A set of definitives inscribed "Zona Protectorado Español en Marruecos" were issued in 1928, with later issues marked "Marruecos/Protectorado Español". Motivation. Half the Moroccan population speaks Berber, a Hamitic language similar to ancient Libyan with an alphabet that bears no resemblance to Arabic . For centuries, Ceuta and Melilla were vital port cities, offering protection for Spanish ships and acting as trading posts between Europe and Africa. until late; though it is not advisable to travel alone at night, even in the city centre. With its long-held position as a key trade route, Morocco became the subject of imperial rivalries between European countries. The Austrian company Sager & Wörner had obtained from the Spanish Government the contract to build the harbour installations at Larache on the Atlantic coast in 1911. France had established a significant degree of influence in Morocco. The presence of Spain along the coast of northwest Africa was initially manifested during the 1400s and 1500s — after centuries of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula had been overturned by warfare and the Moors retreated to North Africa. The Spanish protectorate in Morocco (Arabic language: حماية إسبانيا في المغرب Himayat Isbaniya fi Al-Maghrib; Spanish language: Protectorado español en Marruecos Their 600 mm gauge line run parallel with Compañía Española de Minas del Rif 1000 mm gauge line between Nador and Melilla Harbour. Together they form the European Union’s only land borders with Africa. Definition of spanish protectorate in morocco in the Definitions.net dictionary. It was formally defined as a Spanish Protectorate nine months later as a result of a subsequent Treaty between France and Spain regarding Morocco signed in Madrid 27 November 1912. Morocco has long been considered the most Western-oriented society in the Arab world. The abolition of the Spanish protectorate and the recognition of Moroccan independence by Spain were negotiated separately and made final in the Joint Declaration of April 1956. The Spanish zone was completely autono… Security of the Jewish Community. In spring 1914 the Compañía Española de Minas del Rif operated three daily passenger trains to Nador of which two continued to San Juan de las Minas with corresponding return workings to Melilla. While at War (Spanish: Mientras dure la guerra) is a 2019 Spanish historical drama film directed by Alejandro Amenábar. File:Morocco-spanish-protectorate-1955-a.png: Licenza. What does spanish protectorate in morocco mean? The iron mines in the Rif were one of the sources of income. And the Sahara was under Moroccan sovereignty.
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