Alfalfa Silage (Haylage) Alfalfa can be stored for a long period by ensil-ing it. Most round bales will contain 9-12 lb. The average U.S. dry hay yield (all types) dropped from 2.52 tons per acre in 2016 to 2.44 tons per acre in 2017. First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft³. The pounds of silage in the silo is calculated by multiplying: Length (ft) x width (ft) x depth (ft) x density (lb/cu-ft) at the final moisture content. Proper sizing, adequate packing and face management of bunkers are critical. DM/cubic foot) pays big dividends. Dairy ration with haylage instead of dry hay - 23 #/cuft. However, this level of density was set as a minimum. ft. or less. Less weight for handling than with direct cut method because of less moisture (3) Little or no loss from seepage . Assuming that to be near accurate..35.82# actual turns into 10.74#DM feed value per cubic ft. 8080/10.74= 733 cubic ft. For this purpose, lactating cows can be calculated between 1.5% to 2.5%, dry cows 1.2% to 1.7%, and heifers 1.0% to 2.0%. 22 SWG per square metre: 1.92 kg (4.23 lb) 24 Gauge SWG per square metre: 1.51kg (3.33 lb) Unit Weight of Aluminum. The average feed storage density in bunkers for haylage is between 12 to 15 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot, so our goal is always to be better than our density from the previous year. Horizontal silos, bag silos, and stacks require mechanical compaction to achieve . First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft³. Volume of hay in round stacks The rules or formulas used for oblong stacks do not apply to round stacks. One way to determine mixer size needed is by how many pounds per cubic foot the ration is. Silage removal from the bunker or pile face should be 6˝ or more per day to minimize spoilage of the forage. This is one of the key steps in producing high quality silage with a bunker. How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight Fresh baled hay: 18% to 20% moisture by weight. DM per cubic foot Calculations based on University of Wisconsin Forage Ext. likely have 12 pounds DM per cubic foot. 6. ft.). Multiplying this weight by the percent dry matter as a decimal will provide the weight of dry matter per cubic foot in storage. DM per cubic foot 4 Capacity based on 42 lbs. EXAMPLE - Driveway Table 1. Cover and seal carefully. When balancing rations, the reference cow should be at the 75th percentile of the herd. Grass forages were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft³. For alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures, the average yield declined from 3.45 tons per acre in 2016 to 3.32 tons per acre in 2017. Averaged over all species and cuttings, the density of forage in a wagon was 5.0 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft³). Ideal corn silage moisture at point of storage is 70%, for best milk production. The DM density of the feed ranges from 11-15 lbs of DM per cubic foot. DM per cu. Ensure enough packing tractor weight to obtain bulk density greater than or equal to 45 pounds per cubic foot, as fed. DM per cubic foot 3 Capacity based on 33 lbs. Fill the silage structure rapidly. The 'Rule of 800' is still a good minimum. Example: a cube 1 ft by 1 ft by 1 ft is cut from silage in a bunker and placed in a plastic bag. Fermentation is limited in haylage because of its low moisture . Round bale densities generally range from 8 to 14 lb/cu. Most drying times vary from 15-85 minutes, depending on . How Bale Density Affects Hay Bale Weight Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic foot. Table 1 shows the average silage density of each forage species. One cubic foot of water weighs 7.48052 gallons multiplied by 8.3453 pounds, for a total of 62. Soiled bedding can equal almost twice the volume of the manure, but will vary based on management practices. Figure 1: Concrete blocks and an extra tractor are effective ways to increase packing weight and silage density. ft. (128 to 224 kg/m3) for hay and 6 to 9 lb/cu. By interpolation in Table 5, we find that with 1.3 feet of head the required opening area in the riser pipe is 32 in 2 per foot of pipe height. To make alfalfa silage (haylage), the alfalfa is cut and left in the field to wilt until it . The goal is to achieve more than 15 lbs of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage and haylage. For example, silage in a bunker silo has a dimension of 30 by 10 by 50 feet. Knowing the quantity and quality of hay you buy or grow directly affects the bottom line. With snaplage, the proportions at harvest are approximately 78 percent grain, 14 percent cob, and 8 percent husk and shank. Silage and haylage may be used in the same way; . Our conveyor runs 125 belt feet per minute. "Assume your bale weight is 10% less than indicated." He uses guidelines offered by Kansas State Extension Agronomist Keith Martin. Bales that only deform under the tractor's weight will. If the silage has a stored density of 40 pounds (as fed) per cubic foot, the weight of feed in the bunker is: 15,000 cubic feet times 40 pounds as fed per cubic foot equals 600,000 pounds, which equals 300 tons as fed. Those percentages also translate to differences in weight if all other factors are equal. as fed. Grass forages were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft 3. Forage Species Excellent system to determine moisture and dry matter content in hay, haylage, silage, high-moisture grains, nuts, total mixed rations, wet distiller's grains, wood chips and much more. The "rule of 800" is still a good minimum, which is: Packing tractor weight needed = tons of alfalfa delivered per hour x 800. Averaged over all species and cuttings, the density of forage in a wagon was 5.0 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft³). Density = 0.515 bushels per cubic foot for Density = 8.0 + (0.15 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) Density = 5.90 + (0.1 x depth of haylage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for haylage (density increases with the depth of the haylage) Boerner Cargo Precision Riffle . "With haylage, we want at least 15 lb." University of Wisconsin ag engineer Brian Holmes says proper packing (achieving a density of at least 14 lb. Silage densities can easily be measured using a special silage probe and a scale. Loose, spongy bales will likely have a density of 9 lb. Then to convert cubic feet to bushels: Multiply by .8 for small grain or shelled corn. And how many pounds will you be feeding per head? Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa c. 3. Rigid bales that deform when pressed hard will likely have 11 pounds DM per cubic foot. F:\Truck Body Pricing & Brochures\Excel\Cubic_Yardage_Chart DCubic_Yardage_Chart D Rev A 6/9/2015 AGGREGATE TYPE per cubic foot, although over 20 lbs per cubic foot is achievable and ultimately the higher density, the better. heigth = Cubic Feet. Covering with a tough plastic material and weight is also critical. Loose, spongy bales will likely have a density of 9 lb. Table 1 shows the average silage density of each forage species. Density = 0.515 bushels per cubic foot for Density = 8.0 + (0.15 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) Density = 5.90 + (0.1 x depth of haylage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for haylage (density increases with the depth of the haylage) Manure plus bedding will have a volume of between two and three cubic feet per day. One cubic foot of water weight contains 7.48052 gallons. Rigid bales that deform when pressed hard will likely have 11 pounds DM per cubic foot. First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft³. 80 x 70 (D4000 4 string bale) 80 x 90 (10 x10 4 string bale) 120 x 70 (Quadrant 6 string bale) 120 x 90 (6 string bale) 120 x 130 (Heston bale) Round - 1.2×1.2m (4ft round) We are able to deal with urgent requests promptly, contact us for more details. length X avg. US3584428A US592867A US3584428DA US3584428A US 3584428 A US3584428 A US 3584428A US 592867 A US592867 A US 592867A US 3584428D A US3584428D A US 3584428DA US 3584428 A US3584428 A US 3584428A Authority US United States Prior art keywords bale silage pallet cover mass Prior art date 1966-11-08 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. For example the silo is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the silage averages 12 feet deep. Also ensure sufficient packing tractor size and weight to obtain density ≥ 18 pounds DM per cubic foot. These numbers will vary slightly depending on the moisture content and length of cut at harvest. Feed costs account for 60% of a beef cow enterprise. To convert to bushels of corn, multiply cubic feet times .8 (If the corn is 15.5% moisture). Bunkers don't have the advantage of several feet of silage to aid compaction so it must be done manually. The unit weight of our products differs depending on which product you need for your project. Measuring this includes obtaining a sample by using a corer with known dimensions to use the depth of the core and the weight of the sample to calculate pounds per cubic foot. The long-standing guideline to achieve a minimum acceptable pack density is 800 pounds of packing weight per ton of forage delivered to the silo per hour. ABC - 140 lbs/cubic ft Washed Stone (#57, #467, 78-m) - 105 lbs/cubic ft Screenings - 110 lbs/cubic ft Sand - 100 lbs/cubic ft. 5. Price Per Pound of Corn = $3.50 ÷ 56 = $0.0625 Per Pound Adjusted to a Dry Matter Value = $0.0625 ÷ (1 - 0.15) = $0.0735 Per Pound or $147.06 Per Ton of Dry Matter It is avg. Brian Holmes and Richard Muck, University of Wisconsin researchers, are encouraging the evaluation of density on the basis of as-fed weight per cubic foot of silage. Based on belt speed as follows on material with the following weights per cubic foot. Outflow = 3,993 cubic feet per hour = 1.1 cubic feet per second. Averaged over all species and cuttings, the density of forage in a wagon was 5.0 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft³). A typical si-lage bale (4 feet in diameter by 5 feet in length) should weigh 1,300 to 1,550 pounds and contain 600 to 650 pounds of dry matter, but it may weigh as much as a ton. 7,200 cubic feet b. 42718356 pounds of water per cubic foot. Densities will vary based on forage moisture, length of cut, and many other factors. For instance, suppose the price of corn @ 15% moisture is $3.50 with a standard test weight of 56 pounds. First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft3. The unit weight of aluminum is. Its volume is 15,000 cubic feet. fcic-25150 (forage) sc 1 september, 2000 united states department of agriculture washington, d.c. 20250 federal crop insurance handbook number: 25150 Completely seal the bunker and/or pile. DM per cubic foot 2 Capacity based on 13 lbs. One may also ask, how many 5x5 round bales per acre? The value of going from a good manager (15 percent storage plus feedout shrink) to a great manager (10 percent shrink) is at least $3,000 per 100 cows per year (assumes 1,000 tons corn silage annually per 100 cows). 8 Table 5 - Volume Adjustments for Wet Corn Bushels/Cubic Feet Moisture Content Shelled Corn X Ground Ear Corn X 15.5 .800 .515 16 .794 .510 17 .787 .508 • Hay crop silage (87 silos) • Average = 14.8 lbs/cu ft (6.6 - 27.1) • Corn silage (81 silos) • Average = 14.5 lbs/cu ft (7.8 - 23.6) (note that these were single samples, "chest high") 124 Samples from 68 Silo Faces Legume, Grass, Mixed, Corn Silage & BMR CS 2004 Æ2008, Most in 2006 & 2007 Crop Seasons Led us to these conclusions… For example, the silage length for a 10 ft . Gravity compacts forage naturally in deep silos, particularly in upright silos where density increases dramatically from top to bottom. ft.). The goal is to achieve more than 15 lbs of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage and haylage. Oxygen is the enemy. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot. Most round bales will contain 9-12 lb. In the last stage of compression, shown as step 120, the compressed feed product is compacted into a watertight bag. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot. ft. (96 to 144 kg/m3) for straw. (dry matter per cubic foot)," he says. Pack in thin layers of no more than 15 cm (6 inches) in order to get good air exclusion and high silage density. 30 x 40 x 100. Example: Bulk tank average - 60 lbs, peak milk older cows - 86 lbs. Factors Influencing Density The quality of stored forage depends on the initial quality at harvest. Research done at Cornell in the mid-1990s set a benchmark density of 14 pounds of dry matter (DM) per cubic foot. of 10 pounds per cubic foot is considered ideal. Hay bale density is determined by how much the baler compresses the hay. of dry matter (DM) per cubic foot (cu. The blended hay/silage feed mixture is input to the compression apparatus at a density of approximately 16.6 pounds per cubic foot and compressed to a density of 30-45 pounds per cubic foot, preferably about 40 pounds per cubic foot. So going by weight you could have 16.6 to 44.4 of the 45 pounds bales per large bale and 12.5 to 33.3 of the 60 pound bales per large bale. Ideal density As a general rule of thumb, livestock specialists suggest producers strive for an average packing density of 15 pounds of dry matter (DM) per cubic foot or more. After the last load is delivered and packed, get off the pile, as additional time spent on the pile will not improve density. Recommended densities are shown in the table below. By cubic feet large bales are 72 to 128 cubic feet . Fill with chopped forage. Much of that improvement centers around reduced exposure to oxygen. The Silage Length equals Bag Length - (Plastic Length - 2 x Diameter). Pack in thin layers of no more than 15 cm (6 inches) in order to get good air exclusion and high silage density. One good rule of thumb is: Dairy ration with 8-10# dry hay - 18 #/cuft. VAN ROOYENS: Between 18 and 23 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot. Silage that is not packed has a weight of approximately 25 pounds per cubic foot, and well-packed silage is considered to weigh approximately 35 pounds per cubic foot. A typical silage bale ( 4 feet in diameter by 5 feet in 29 . Table 14.2 lists proper silage-making pro-cesses that prevent losses and retain quality. Bale density also plays a rather large role in final bale weight. Some baler manufacturers recommend retrofitting older balers with kits that aid in baling wet forage. length) should weigh 1300 to 1550 pounds and contain 600 to 650 pounds of dry matter. Lower cost per cubic foot of capacity than tower silos (5) Fill faster than tower silos (6) Reduced losses from seepage ft. or less. This then is the weight of material per cubic foot in storage. the average body weight of the group of animals; the time frame in days that inventory needs to last; Another factor that comes into play is the forage dry matter intake, as a percent of body weight. One cubic foot is equal to 1728 cubic inches. Research at The University of Wisconsin and Cornell identified a significant advantage for bunker silos with a density pack greater than 14 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot of silage. "Assume your bale weight is 10% less than indicated." He uses guidelines offered by Kansas State Extension Agronomist Keith Martin. 1 Capacity based on 16 lbs. 12" CONVEYOR 15 pounds per cubic foot material: 7.5 tons per hour 250 pounds per minute Weight down the plastic cover to provide a tight seal so that all air is excluded. Round Bales. Feed costs . Outflow in gpm = 1.1 cubic feet per second x 450 gpm per cfs = 495 gpm. The room required to process round bales is a function of the size of a bale, the type of forage, its dry matter content, and the number of bales to be processed. pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft 3). Ration Formulation. After the last load is delivered and packed, get off the bunker or pile. Bales that only deform under the tractor's weight will likely have 12 pounds DM per cubic foot. Well packed silage at the proper dry matter) should average about 45 lbs. DM per cu. A value of 13 lbs DM per cubic foot is often used as an average value. Stack or Storage Shed, Small Square Bales Tons = length x width x height (all in feet) x density / 2,000 The goal is at least 17 lbs dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage and at least 15 lbs for haylage. Multiply by .515 if ground ear corn. For instance, suppose the price of corn @ 15% moisture is $3.50 with a standard test weight of 56 pounds. The following table lists the aluminum sheet weight chart in kg per m2 and lb per square foot. According to the article, Evaluation of mix specification and PFA as a cement replacer in concretes used in silage storage structures, for silo walls found that concrete mixes prepared with cement contents of 20.3 and 23.4pounds per cubic foot (547-632lb/yd 3) and water: cement ratios of 0.55 and 0.50, respectively, had the lowest mass loss . Multiply by .4 if ear corn. Capacity of Silos and Weights of Silage 13 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE WEIGHT OF SILAGE WHEN FILLING IS COMPLETED The entire contents of silo No. How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight Fresh baled hay: 18% to 20% moisture by weight. Price Per Pound of Corn = $3.50 ÷ 56 = $0.0625 Per Pound Adjusted to a Dry Matter Value = $0.0625 ÷ (1 - 0.15) = $0.0735 Per Pound or $147.06 Per Ton of Dry Matter Silage densities can easily be measured using a special silage probe and a scale. The grain makes up approximately 46 percent of the weight of the plant (depends on yield), while the cob and husk make up 8.2 and 7 percent, respectively. Ensure sufficient packing tractor size and weight to obtain a density of 18 pounds DM per cubic foot or greater. 50 to 72 percent by weight dry alfalfa having an initial moisture content ranging from 8 to 20 percent; 28 to 50 percent by weight corn silage having an initial moisture content ranging from 50 to 75 percent; a density of 25 to 35 pounds per cubic foot; a finalized moisture content of less than 35 percent; and A stalled horse will require the removal of 60 to 70 pounds of waste per day. Beef Cattle beef cattle, silage, weight (or 15 lbs of Dry matter at 66% moisture, 33% D.M . 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